Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
In most cases, the disease occurs in people of an advanced age. A distinction is made between two clinical forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: indolent lymphomas, most of which are follicular lymphomas and grow relatively slowly, and aggressive lymphomas, which are usually diffuse large B-cells lymphomas and grow faster.
The first sign of NHL can be enlarged lymph glands, which are usually painless. The first complaints include quite inconspicuous symptoms such as tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea or an increased susceptibility to infections. Distinctions are made between different forms of NHL depending on the type of cell affected and its stage in the maturing process.
Cells in the crossfire
Possible therapy forms include radiotherapy and cytostatic chemotherapy. For several years now, the use of an immunotherapy with an auxiliary effect has also proved its worth in certain cases. An antibody selectively recognizes a certain protein structure on the surface of the degenerated cells and binds to it.
In a special innovation, the antibody is linked with a radioactive isotope. Yttrium-90 is used, an atom that emits beta rays as it disintegrates. This radiation has a range of only a few millimeters. Since the antibody binds selectively to the surface of the cells to be destroyed, one can be sure that this radiation only reaches the direct vicinity – so that the damaging effect on healthy body tissue is comparatively small. The beta radiation also reaches neighboring lymphoma cells. This is known as the crossfire effect.
This immunotherapy with a combination of targeted radiation is approved in cases where indolent NHL reoccurs after first-line therapy, or if the patient does not respond to other therapy forms. Clinical studies are currently examining the effectiveness of this therapy in combating aggressive NHL, which progresses very quickly. Such patients therefore require a highly effective form of treatment.
Advice for patients
Every body reacts differently to medicines. Therefore it is impossible to tell which medicine works best for you. Please consult your physician.